The 12th Session of the Islamic Summit Conference was held in Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt on 6-7 February 2013. Heads of States and Governments of 17 member countries attended the Summit. The other member countries were represented at the level of the Prime Ministers and/or Ministers of Foreign Affairs. The Summit aims at jointly reviewing the international situation in the political, economic and social fields and analysing the impact on the Muslim Ummah under the overall theme "The Muslim World: New Challenges & Expanding Opportunities". The Heads of Delegations of the member countries discussed and deliberated on a number of political and socio-economic issues of importance to the Muslim World. The Summit was preceded by a preparatory meeting of the Senior Officials on 2-3 February, and by a preparatory meeting of the Foreign Ministers on 4-5 February.

In the political field, the Palestinian question and Israeli settlements was on top of the political issues, followed by the situation in Syria, Mali and other conflict member countries. Also the issues of combating terrorism, defamation of Devine religions, facing Islamophobia and Muslim Communities and Minorities were among other political issues. On the other hand, a number of economic, social and cultural issues were also reviewed and discussed aimed at alleviation of poverty and accelerating development in OIC member countries and addressing challenges facing the Muslim Ummah and preserving its interests. These issues include among others, economic cooperation under the agenda of the COMCEC, science and technology, higher education, health, environment and climate change.

The summit adopted “Cairo Final Communique” together with a set of Resolutions on various political, socio-economic and cultural issues. The 13th Session of the Islamic Summit is decided to be convened in the Republic of Turkey in 2016. The Summit also decided to appoint the candidate of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, H.E. Mr. Iyad Ameen Madani as Secretary General of the OIC for 5 years with effect from 1 January 2014.